Ontology Free Essays

The Ontological contention would be that by the utilization of reason and instinct, on the off chance that man can consider or imagine God, at that point God must exist. The Teleological contention would be that there is settled upon proof that everything in nature has a reason or explanation behind being. This being valid, at that point God needs to exist by reason that God made the entirety of this and gave it reason. We will compose a custom exposition test on Philosophy or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The Cosmological contention would be that everything is made with for an explanation and the God gave everything that reason. I think Cosmological and Teleological contentions are comparable along these lines of reasoning. The thinker I accept had the most grounded effect on me would be Leibniz and the Cosmological contention. Our lives and presence on this planet our so confused, yet everything appears to fit together and fill a need. I realize that things occur on the planet and we wonder what reason did that serve, for what reason did that need to occur. At long last, in the event that we truly take a gander at the occasion dispassionately and without feeling, we can discover the explanation. I consider only a certain something, the human body, and I need to wonder in its structure. How might somebody think of the thought and plan which permits our bodies to work? We are, fundamentally a ceaseless movement machine. Our frameworks are increasingly confounded then some other bit of hardware out there and even with the entirety of our progressions in PCs, not one can rival the human cerebrum. They are astonishing, yet they are just as savvy as the individual who modified it. Indeed, some of them can adapt yet this is simply because the software engineer has instructed them to do as such. This is only one part of life. You don't need to have faith in God per state, yet you can not head outside and check out you and not accept that there must be something out there. Step by step instructions to refer to Ontology, Essay models

Using the Spanish Word Bien

Utilizing the Spanish Word Bien Bien is regularly utilized as a verb modifier having good intentions (i.e., in a decent way) in spite of the fact that in a more adaptable manner than the English word. Bien additionally can be a thing whose implications incorporate goodness and resource. Here are a few instances of where well is a decent interpretation for bien: Raquel cree que canta bien. Raquel thinks she sings well. Un alimento bien cocinado puede contaminarse si tiene contacto con carnes crudas. A very much prepared food can get spoiled in the event that it has contact with half-cooked meats. Aprende bien las reglas de manejar. Learn well the guidelines of driving. Mi bebe duerme bien. My child rests soundly. No entiendo bien tu pregunta. I dont comprehend your inquiry well. Bien regularly conveys the possibility of something occuring effectively, adequately or to an extraordinary degree: No puede reparar bien mi coche. He cannot fix my vehicle effectively. Lloviã ³ bien hasta enero y despuã ©s se cortã ³. It down-poured a great deal until January and afterward it halted. La computadora no me funciona bien. The PC doesnt work directly for me. Se sentir en casa con la comida deliciosa y las bebidas bien frã ­as. You will feel comfortable with the flavorful food and very much chilled drinks. No estoy seguro de haber descargado bien el programming. Im not certain the product was downloaded appropriately. La pelã ­cula est bien divertida y no tiene mensajes de doble sentido. The film is very fun and doesnt have blended messages. Regularly with estar (and once in a while different action words), bien is now and then interpreted as a positive descriptor that changes with setting: Estuvo muy bien el desayuno. The morning meal tasted incredible. Estoy bien hoy. Im feeling great today. Ests bien en tu foto de Facebook. You look great in your Facebook photograph. Todos estamos bien. Were all fine. Todo est bien. Everythings OK. Te est bien la camisa. The shirt looks great on you. As an addition, bien can have an also positive significance. For instance, fans at a games setting may yell  ¡Bien! as a method of saying Good occupation! As a thing, el bien can mean goodness or something comparative: El mundo est plagado de gente que no hace el bien. The world is tormented by individuals who dont make the best choice. La à ©tica, por definiciã ³n, busca el bien. Morals, by definition, searches for the great. In budgetary issues, el bien can allude to different sorts of benefits or merchandise. For instance, un bien substantial is an unmistakable resource, and bienes raã ­ces alludes to land.

4 Marketing Tips You Can Learn From Budweiser

4 Marketing Tips You Can Learn From Budweiser Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!4 Marketing Tips You Can Learn From BudweiserUpdated On 21/06/2015Author : Tom JonesTopic : MarketingShort URL : http://hbb.me/PowSkv CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogBudweiser, known as the king of beers, has always had a very strong Marketing background and has thrived since 1876. They have been a success in almost every marketing strategy out there and continue to come out with new and innovative ways to grab new buyers and keep them drinking their beer. While the majority of us dont have the financial means to market anywhere near as big as Budweiser does, there are lots of different things we can all take away from looking at how they advertise and connect with their customers. Lets start by having you watch the commercial they had playing at the Superbowl where almost everyone in America was watching.So, it might just be me, but that commercial brings tears to my eyes, and although not everyone might get emotional about it as I did, most consumers can personally connect with the commercial. If you scroll down, you will see the comments from thousands of people expressing their love for this commercial, and this particular video only has a little over 2.6 million hits. Now imagine everyone in America seeing this, Budweiser is loved.1. Connect with your Consumers on a Personal LevelEvery industry is going to have multiple companies that offer similar services, so why would everyone stay with just one company? Budweiser has shown us time and time again, that not only do they promote their beer, but they also try to connect with people and personally keep them attached to their company. While there are so many different ways to do this, each target demographic will prove to have their difficulties. Budweiser has so many campaigns that each target different demographics, and while you will most likely not have the means to do this, you can check and see what they do for your specific target.2. Branding is KeyIt is quite obvious that the Clydesdale commercial you previously watched didnt have anything to do with beer, but grabbed the attention and love from the people who watched it. Although most people know that Budweiser offers beer, lets just try and imagine someone who has never heard of Budweiser before and what they thought after that commercial. The title is called brotherhood, which just gives the general impression of love, care, and experiences between the trainer and the horse, then a Budweiser truck comes and picks the horse up, then three years later, the trainer and the horse are reunited, giving the commercial a highly emotional moment. So when the random person whos never heard of Budweiser magically sees their beer for the first time, they will more than likely pick it over the other available options just because their thought of Budweiser is a good one.This same principal can be used for almost any busin ess. If you decide to promote your company instead of just the actual products or services you provide, people will be able to get a better first impression and are more likely to buy once they run into whatever it is you are providing. There are many ways to increase your companies brand without spending much money. With all of the social networking sites, video sharing sites, and other highly used websites, you can set up a campaign that will have people interested and buying your services in no time.READAIDA Marketing â€" A Marketing Strategy Every Newbie Blogger Ought To Know3. Target Specific Audiences within your Target DemographicAlthough you might be targeting a specific gender, age group, or ethnic group, you cant assume that they are all the same and will all enjoy the same content. Budweiser throws a massive amount of different content at different audiences because they know each audience will react differently. Use this same principal by trying to engage consumers about their own interests. While it might seem easier to throw just one video on YouTube and hope that everyone likes it, it is much more logical to make different content for different types of people within your target demographic.4. Packaging Design Should be Well Thought OutThe way your potential customers see your products or services can be a major factor in whether or not they end up buying. If you look at the different ways Budweiser has wrapped their cans or bottles, you can notice massive differences as time goes on. While they continue to produce the classic look, they also have plenty of others that appeal to their consumers. For example, in 2011 they came out with a design that was red, white, and blue and had pictures of eagles with a classic cursive font. This was very successful for them just because when people looked at the beer, they got an image of a true American beer that has a vast history. They continue to come out with new and modern ways to present their beer, g iving people other thoughts and ideas about why they should pick Budweiser over its competitors.Although it might seem like a packaging design can only be used to actual physical products, you can also apply this to any electronic product or service as well. When people are on the internet, they are attracted to things with good designs, so even if they wont receive a physical product, the design and the way you present your services will make all the difference. Having a bland looking design wont grab the attention of your potential buyers and they might just end up using your competitor instead. Try new designs, see which ones work best and keep trying to appeal more to your market.Budweiser has so many other lessons that can be learned from their marketing strategies, but hopefully these few will get you headed on the right path. It is almost impossible to be able to create the same effects as they do when your a small business owner, but implementing what they do into your own b usiness can really help increase your businesses revenue, brand, and overall success. If you are looking for more marketing information that learned from Budweiser.

Definition and Examples of Amphiboly in English

Amphiboly is a  fallacy  of relevance that relies on an ambiguous word or grammatical structure to confuse or mislead an audience. Adjective: amphibolous. Also known as  amphibology. More broadly, amphiboly may refer to a fallacy that results from a faulty sentence structure of any kind. Etymology From the Greek, irregular speech Pronunciation:  am-FIB-o-lee Examples and Observations [T]he 2003 election reform law demanded that politicians acknowledge in their own voices their responsibility for advertisements they run on public airwaves. But five years later, the I approved has become a pivotal device in commercials for Congress and the White House, a place for candidates to make a declaration of intent, summarize the message or take a parting shot. . . .A University of New Hampshire rhetoric professor, James Farrell, was irked as far back as the 2004 Democratic primary campaign, the first time the disclaimers were required. Then, as now, he said, advertisement writers were coming up with awkward non-sequiturs just to slip in something extra.Mr. Farrell noted a current commercial for Representative Don Cazayoux, Democrat of Louisiana, in which the candidate said, I’m Don Cazayoux and I approved this message because that’s who I’m fighting for. That, Mr. Farrell said, is an amphiboly, a logical confusion created by a grammatical ambiguity.Of course, if asked, the candidate will say he means he’s fighting for the middle class, said Mr. Farrell, of the spot’s theme. However, one could easily conclude that the disclaimer addition refers to the candidate himself, as in, I’m Don and that’s who I’m fighting for.(Steve Friess, Candidates ‘Approve’ Ads and Get a Bit Creative. The New York Times, Sep. 30, 2008) Humorous Amphibolies Amphiboly is usually so recognizable that it is rarely used in real-life situations to make a claim seem stronger than it is. Instead, it more often leads to humorous misunderstandings and confusions. Newspaper headlines are one common source of amphiboly. Here are a few examples: Prostitutes Appeal to Pope -- Farmer Bill Dies in House -- Dr. Ruth to Talk About Sex With Newspaper Editors -- Burglar  Gets Nine Months in Violin Case -- Juvenile  Court to Try Shooting Defendant -- Red Tape Holds Up New Bridge -- Marijuana Issues Sent to a Joint Committee -- Two Convicts Evade Noose: Jury Hung. . . . Most of these cases of amphiboly are the result of a poorly constructed sentence: I like chocolate cake better than you. Although we normally try to avoid them, intentional amphiboly may prove useful when we feel obligated to say something we would rather not have to say, yet want to avoid saying something that is patently not true. Here are lines from letters of recommendation: In my opinion, you will be very fortunate to get this person to work for you. I am pleased to say that this candidate is a former colleague of mine. From a professor on receiving a late paper from a student: I shall waste no time in reading this. (John Capps and Donald Capps, Youve Got To Be Kidding!: How Jokes Can Help You Think. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) Amphiboly in a Classified Ad Sometimes the amphiboly is more subtle. Take this newspaper classified ad that appears under Furnished Apartments for Rent: 3 rooms, river view, private phone, bath, kitchen, utilities included Your interest is aroused. But when you visit the apartment, there is neither a bathroom nor a kitchen. You challenge the landlord. He remarks that there are common bathroom and kitchen facilities at the end of the hall. But what about the private bath and kitchen that the ad mentioned? you query. What are you talking about? the landlord replies. The ad didnt say anything about a private bath or a private kitchen. All the ad said was private phone. The advertisement was amphibolous. One cannot tell from the printed words whether private modifies only phone or whether it also modifies bath and kitchen. (Robert J. Gula, Nonsense: Red Herrings, Straw Men and Sacred Cows: How We Abuse Logic in Our Everyday Language. Axios, 2007) Characteristics of Amphibolies To become a skilled perpetrator of amphibolies you must acquire a certain nonchalance toward punctuation, especially commas. You must learn to toss off lines such as I heard cathedral bells tripping through the alleyways, as if it mattered not a whit whether you or the bells were doing the tripping. You should acquire a vocabulary of nouns which can be verbs and a grammatical style which easily accommodates misplaced pronouns and confusions over subject and predicate. The astrology columns in popular newspapers provide excellent source material. (Madsen Pirie, How to Win Every Argument: The Use and Abuse of Logic. Continuum, 2006) The Lighter Side of Amphiboly Some amphibolous sentences are not without their humorous aspects, as in posters urging us to Save Soap and Waste Paper, or when anthropology is defined as The science of man embracing woman. We should be mistaken if we inferred immodest dress on the woman described in a story: . . . loosely wrapped in a newspaper, she carried three dresses. Amphiboly is often exhibited by newspaper headings and brief items, as in The farmer blew out his brains after taking affectionate farewell of his family with a shotgun. (Richard E. Young, Alton L. Becker, and Kenneth L. Pike, Rhetoric: Discovery and Change. Harcourt, 1970)

The Role of Fate in Oedipus the King Essay - 1051 Words

Fate played an important part in the plays and literature of the Greeks as is shown in Sophocles play Oedipus Rex Sophocles lived during the Golden Age of Greece. He is renowned as one of the greatest dramaticist of western literature. He was a greek through and through as he held important political positions, and he even served as the priest of the haling diety Amynos. During his life tragedies were popular plays of the greeks, and Sophocles noted for his writing abilites of the time, made one such play about tragedy. This play has been the subject of much controversy and has had many diverse things said about it and its meaning. In his play Sophocles uses fate as a major part of it as he tells a†¦show more content†¦Rollins opinion of the way Oedipus is portrayed and her trying to discredit Dodds thoughts on Oedipus. For the play to effectively show the irony of fate and in itself fate Oedipus would have to have been portrayed as a good man and of high stature. Believing that Oedipus was a good man would have only made the tragedy that more tragic as the audience later finds out that Oedipus actually kills his father and marries his mother. The way that Oedipus finally learns of his fate has been argued over many times. Kimberly Rollins views Oedipus as one who does not unselfishly seek out the truth even though he knows it will be painful for him; rather, he has no idea of what the outcome of his search will be, denies the truth at every turn, and threatens those that speak it.(1) This is going a little overboard in terms of judging Oedipuss character. E. R. Dodds sees Oedipus as one who pursues the truth at whatever the personal cost and has the strenght to accept and endure it when found.(qtd. In Rollins 1) This view is more correct of Oedipus as shown in these lines from the play: No Gods sake, master, no more questions! Youre a dead man if I have to ask againShow MoreRelatedDestiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Role of Fate635 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Fate in Oedipus the King In Oedipus the King, one can easily see the tragedy that comes when Oedipus lives out fate, although not of his own intentions. Oedipus did everything in his own power in order to keep the prophecies from being fulfilled. One might even say that Oedipus ran from fate. Webster defines tragedy as a medieval narrative poem or tale typically describing the downfall of a great man. Oedipus the King is certainly a tragedy, and as Dr. Lucas states in his blogRead MoreThe Role of Irony and Fate in Oedipus The King by Sophocles2933 Words   |  12 PagesPlague and Health Another major theme in Oedipus the King deals with the ideas of plague and health. This theme can be taken as both literal, but metaphorical as well. This theme is literal in the sense that there is a genuine plague affecting Thebes. The health in Thebes only occurs at the end of the play when the plague has disappeared and after Oedipus blinds himself. While others may have let the plague take its course, Oedipus decided to consult the oracle in Delphi, after seeing his peopleRead MoreOedipus the King Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesHow Fate and Oedipus’s own essential nature combine to make him a tragic hero? â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles is a very good play which talks about a guy who was fated to kill his father and married his mother. Aristotle defines â€Å"tragic hero as a person of great stature and virtue who becomes aware of a mortal defect within himself.† This defect leads to great tragedy. Oedipus’s own essential nature makes him a tragic hero because his ignorance (lack of knowledge) led him to his own destructionRead MoreConflict Between Men And Gods978 Words   |  4 Pagescompelling theatrical work, â€Å" Oedipus Rex†, by Sophocles. Oedipus play was a result of destiny and fate. King Laius, the father of Oedipus, tries to outwit the gods as an attempt to hold onto power and save his own life. Laius order a servant to leave Oedipus on mountain to prevent the prophecy that their son would kill his father and marry his mother. On reaching manhood, Oedipus learned from a Oracle that he would kill his father and marry his mother; to avoid th is horrendous fate, he also like his fatherRead MoreEssay about Oedipus: Do Not Try to Control Your Fate1071 Words   |  5 Pagesto their predetermined fate. Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus the King, demonstrates this statement throughout the play in the role of his tragic hero Oedipus. In the course of Oedipus’ actions of trying to escape his predestined fortune, his fate and flaws of being human played major roles to bring about his downfall. Oedipus’ doom was already predetermined by an Oracle at Delphi before the moment of his birth; thus, despite what choices the people who played a part in his fate made, it became one stepRead More Destiny, Free Will and Choice - The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus the King The concept of fate has existed since the time of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed very strongly in fate, which can be defined as either a power beyond human control that determines events, or the outcome or end. In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus lives and dies by fate. Fate influences the entire plot, thereby allowing for some interesting developments that may be unpredictable to the audience. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, fate truly is a huge factorRead MoreOedipus Downfall Essay example774 Words   |  4 PagesPrompt: In a well-developed essay, consider whether hubris, fate or both are the use of Oedipus’ downfall. Use evidence from the text to support your support. Hubris is defined as excessive pride or self-confidence, while fate is defined as the supposed force, principle, or power that predetermines events. Ancient Greeks believed in Hubris, or pride. Pride may have been seen as good or bad. Many people that exhibit pride may come off as being proud of their achievements or lives; however, prideRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of hubris, a theme commonly present throughout the works of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature thatRead MoreWas Oedipus Responsible For His Own Fate?1384 Words   |  6 Pages Was Oedipus responsible for his own fate? Oedipus, the King Harmanjot Singh Parmar, 578087686 Vancouver Island University Author note This paper was prepared for Liberal studies, Section 250, taught by Mark Blackell Oedipus-the king is a true Greek novel in all sense. It is a tragedy at heart and explores variousRead MoreCorruption In Oedipus The King And Antigone988 Words   |  4 Pages In Sophocles’ Oedipus The King and Antigone, Sophocles used two tragic stories to explore issues and themes involving that can be interpreted in several ways depending on the readers understanding of the play and the main theme in focus. From a personal view point, themes such as corruption, injustice, civil disobedience and power drunkenness were explored rampantly by Sophocles to further dramatize a story that conveys so much messages. The ancient Greeks are well recognized for gifting the modern

Hiroshim The World Bomb - 1520 Words

Rotter, Andrew J. Hiroshima: The World’s Bomb. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. The choice to use an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were two of the biggest decisions that were made in the twentieth century and the effects were felt all around the world. Andrew J. Rotter, the author, â€Å"Hiroshima: The World’s Bomb† is a Professor of History at Colgate University who specialized in recent US history and the Vietnam War. He has also written on United State-Asian relations during the twentieth century, including the books, â€Å"The Path to Vietnam† and â€Å"Comrades at Odds: India and the United States.† Rotter writes this book to make the argument that the creations of the atomic bomb was not just an America inventions, but rather a world wide effort that developed over decades, even if many people did not know what their discoveries and hard work would be used for. This book was written in a very clear and concise manner that allow ed for someone, like myself, who does not have a background in nuclear physics, to understand how the making of the atomic bomb was an international effort. Rotter breaks down the scientific development of the atomic bomb in a manner that is very easy to follow and as he describes each step he is also proving that the whole world helped to evolve the science that lead to the bomb. I do not know about other people, but when I think about the development of the atomic bomb I do not think of countries like Germany, New Zealand, or AustriaShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima929 Words   |  4 PagesOn August 6, 1945 America dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshim, Japan with devastatingly effective results. A few days later, Truman took to the radio to inform the American people of the incident in what is later recognized to be one of history’s most memorable speeches. The reason for the speech is obvious at first glance. America dropped a bomb on Japan, leveling a whole city and killing hundreds of thousands of people. Americans deserve an explanation for this attack and that’s exactlyRead MoreEssay about The Relationships Between Countries after World War Two918 Words   |  4 PagesCountries after World War II The atomic age, composed of complex and controversial issues, has forever changed our world and the way in which we live. Although peace rang out throughout the world September 2, 1945, the relationships between countries after World War II will never be the same. In 1939 there were four great powers in Europe: Germany, France, Italy, and Great Britain; and three outside Europe, Russia, the United States, and Japan (284 Gilbert). By the end of World War II inRead More The Atomic Bomb Human Beings and Nature Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb Human Beings and Nature With the surrender of Germany on May 1, 1945, the United States and its allies were well on their way to winning World War II and resuming peace in Europe. Japan was the only country still in their path. American forces soon began capturing islands off the coast of Japan including Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Since the Japanese refused to surrender, the United States began planning a ground attack on Japans mainland. Many casualties for both sides wereRead MoreHiroshima-Nagasaki: Entering Into the Atomic Age Essay2153 Words   |  9 PagesOn August 6, 1945, in an attempt to bring an end to World War II, the United States dropped the world’s first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city and military center. Most of the population stood helpless in the open as the sighting of only three aircraft quickly caused a roaring of air raid warnings. The extraordinary event destroyed nearly two-thirds of the city and immediately killed tens of thousands of people, and tens of thous ands more died later from radiation exposure. Sixteen hours

International Human Resource Management for Sony- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Human Resource Management for Sony. Answer: Introduction Human resource management plays most important role in the organization as staff members present within the workplace are considered as the most valuable asset. Further, effective practices are required for the management of human resource so that overall goals of the enterprise can be accomplished easily(Collings, Wood Caligiuri 2014). Further, every business develops HRM policies through which it is ensured that business is working in favor of its employees and this is leading to rise in the level of overall performance in the market. Apart from this, organizational structure matters a lot where the development of right structure provides a base to carry out overall operations efficiently. The present study carried out is based on two organizations named Sony and Marriott that operates in a different market. Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate that is indulged into different practices involving consumer and professional electronics, entertainment, financial services. On the other hand, Marriott Interntional Inc is a diversified hospitality company that manages a broad portfolio of the hotel. The report focuses on recruitment strategies of both companies, how diversity is managed etc. Training And Development Program Sony And Marriott For conducting smooth functioning of business operations, effective training programs have been developed by Sony and Marriott. In case of Sony Corporation, the company focuses on e-learning, on the site training, general training. Further, business has strongly focused on expanding its training options that take into consideration correspondence courses, lectures that lead to enhanced job performance(Sony 2017). Overall all the employees are encouraged to take part in the training programs so that knowledge and skill level can be enhanced up to the extent. On the other hand, in case of Marriott International Inc the company has employed on the job training methods that allow employees to serve the customers properly. Training is basically carried out by the experts present in the company through which knowledge level enhances in every possible manner(Staff 2010). Apart from this, seminar and lectures are the most common methods that are adopted within the workplace for delivering training to the workforce. So in this way, training programs carried out by both the companies are effective and has allowed in gaining the competitive edge. How Global Networks Are Managed In Sony And Marriott Sony and Marriott carry out all the operations on the wider basis where products and services offered by the enterprise are worldwide famous. Apart from this, both the companies operate in different markets and focuses on enhancing the customer satisfaction level. Both the organizations manage through appropriate strategic plans(Francis, Parkes Reddington 2014). Generally, the main plans are developed in the headquarters of the firms through which all the activities are controlled. Every unit has its own head who is assigned responsibility to prepare plans and policies for smooth functioning. The planning strategies undertaken by both the companies are effective that allows in satisfying need of a large number of customers. This is the main reason due to which Sony and Marriott have the strong customer base(Gupta 2013). For managing global operations, skilled workforce has been employed along with the managers that handle all the key operations. So, in this way, this represents the effectiveness of both the companies in managing the global operations that are linked with the success of the business. Discuss How Blending Of National Corporate Cultures Are Practiced In Sony And Marriott Sony and Marriott carry out all the operations on the wider basis where the diversified workforce has been hired by the business which involves employees of different background, culture, religion, etc. The blending process in both the companies starts with effective leadership where people from different backgrounds are allowed to work with other each other through teams. For aligning national culture with the corporate one different policy have been framed where culture and religion of every individual are promoted that are present within the workplace(Hurn 2014). Appropriate communication channels have been developed within the workplace so that every staff member can interact with each other and due to this reason issues within the companies are lesser faced. In the company like Sony flexible culture has been developed within the workplace that encourages equal participation of employees present in the organization. Further, in case of Marriott at the time of framing corporate culture national practices are undertaken. So, this leads to effective management of all the operations of the company and provides favorable results for the organization. Discuss How Diversity Is Managed In Sony And Marriott Sony believes in promoting diversity within the workplace where ideas and viewpoint of the employees are encouraged and this in turn enhances business performance. Employees are allowed to work in teams where views of every individual are undertaken for conducting the business affairs and this in turn acts as the development tool for the entire business. The organization has incorporated diversity into its business strategy and has developed the internal environment that holds the capability to manage people from different backgrounds(Policies 2013). Considering the case of Marriott management of diversity practices are same as Sony Corporation. Further, through the management of employees within the workplace and encouraging them to give ideas and opinions allows in managing diversity. Apart from this, employees plays most crucial role within the workplace and their importance are highlighted in the company. Efficient leaders have been appointed within the workplace that promotes different culture, and this has become one of the main reasons behind the success of Marriott International in the market. Respect of every religion, culture allows in the management of human resource. Compare And Contrast Recruitment Strategies Of Sony And Marriott Sony provides the wide range of job categories that allows graduates to choose the job as per their skills and knowledge. Further, the company approaches students through different channels. While recruiting researchers and engineers, the company has introduced job matching system where students are allowed to meet employees in the position similar to their desired jobs. Interns are welcomed where company organizes one-day internship program for delivering proper knowledge to the people in the field of accounting, finance, product planning, etc(Sony 2017). In short, it is representing that organization relies on outside sources for satisfying its human resource need and this has somehow allowed satisfying the demand for skilled workforce within the workplace. On the other hand in case of Marriott company relies on employee referrals source for satisfying its human resource need(Peltier 2014). The employees who are working with the company for longer period refer other individuals whom they consider are fit for the job. Apart from this, the career website of Marriott International also allows in hiring the best candidate who is fit for the position. Considering the recruitment strategies of both the companies it has been found that Sonys recruitment plan is more effective as compared with the Marriott. Sony relies on the wide range of strategies such as hiring interns, meeting with students of various students, etc. and in case of Marriott, only employee referral is employed as one of the main sources. So, this is the basic difference between recruitment strategies of both the companies. Discuss The Effects Of Wage-Gap Differences On Motivation And Performance Of Expatriate Employees The wage gap has the direct influence on the motivation level along with the performance of the expatriate employee. Expatriate employee is the one who lives abroad or is from another nation. For instance, in Sony Corporation provides more monetary benefits to its male employees as compared with the female employee then in such case employee motivation is influenced and due to this reason, female staff will not work efficiently(Rees Smith 2017). Considering this, the government of every nation such as the UK, US has introduced where equality in the wage must be present, and no such discrimination is present within the workplace. In short, wage gap leads to the decline in performance of an employee and sometimes individual prefers to leave the job. Provide An Overview Of Organizational Structures In Sony And Marriot The organizational structure of Sony is divided into various hierarchies. The company has introduced structure called One Sony which involves three main core businesses named gaming, mobile and digital imaging. Different managers have been assigned the duty to manage operations and decentralization of authority are present where decisions are taken through the assistance of lower and middle-level employees(Sony 2017). The company considers communication between manager and employee as most important and due to this reason company has developed flexible structure and top down approach is employed. In case of Marriott International, the company has employed the divisional structure as the business operates in the different type of geographical areas. Within one umbrella group, the different type of products are covered, and they are served to the customers as per their need. Generally, in every hotel manager holds the responsibility to carry overall operations along with the assistance of waiters and another type of managers. This structure is considered to be costly for the business, but its advantages are present in large amount. Meaning Of Workforce Planning This concept is associated with determining the requirement of the staff members so that business operations can be carried out smoothly. Further, in case of Sony and Marriott both the companies has indulged into the practice of workforce planning where it is determined well in advance that employees present within the workplace are efficient enough in carrying out business operations(Reiche, Mendenhall Stahl 2016). Apart from this, the requirement of employees in both the companies is quite high, and this is the main reason due to which there is a need for effective planning so that operations can be carried out smoothly. What Do You Understand By Cultural Shock And Discuss How It Affects An Expatriate Performance In Mncs Cultural shock is considered as the feeling of disorientation where the person has to work in unfamiliar culture. In the large sized organization, it is possible that expatriate has to face difficulties in working with the individuals of the different culture(Story et al. 2014). In case if any expatriate is not able to adjust to the culture of Marriott or Sony Corporation then it deals to decline in the level of performance. For instance, if any individual has not worked earlier in the team as this culture has been adopted by companies such as Sony etc. and this will act as the hurdle in conducting the business performance. Discuss Health And Safety Issues That An Expatriate Employee Might Encounter In An International Assignment. Expatriate may face the different type of risks especially at the time of working on international assignments. The key risks involve infectious disease, low-quality medical facilities, poor sanitary conditions, low amount of local medical facilities, etc(Varma 2013). Apart from this, some form of security risks are present that may adversely affect expatriates such as terrorism, criminal attacks and another type of risks associated with the political and social situation. Propose Strategies To Address The Health And Safety Concerns Of International Employees In case of international employees, it is necessary for the business to address the health and safety issues so that they can work efficiently. The first effective way is to raise awareness where employees can be prepared in relation to the hazards. Apart from this MNCs operating in the market such as Marriott International, Sony Corporation, etc. can develop preventive programs which involve medical checkup of employees, training on health, safety guides, etc(Francis, Parkes Reddington 2014). Different security procedures can be implemented within the workplace that takes into consideration accommodation and workplace security audit, setting up 24*7 hotline facilities for the staff members, etc. Conclusion The entire study carried out has supported in knowing the basic difference in between HRM practices of Marriott and Sony Corporation. Further, both the companies have adopted effective practices with the motive to enhance motivation level of its employees. Proper training and development strategies are carried out as through knowledge and skill level of employee enhances and this in turn acts as the development tool for the business. The main strategy for recruitment employed by Marriott International is employee referral, and in case of Sony Corporation, company hires students and approaches different universities. So, this allows in conducting the overall operations efficiently. Practices of workforce planning of both the businesses are effective that supports in avoiding the situation of the inadequacy of human resource and allows in gaining the competitive edge. References Collings, D, Wood, GT Caligiuri, PM 2014, The Routledge companion to international human resource management, Routledge, Abingdon. Francis, H, Parkes, C Reddington, M 2014, ' E-HR and international HRM: A critical perspective on the discursive framing of e-HR.', International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol 25, no. 10, pp. 1327-1350. Gupta, A 2013, 'International hrm in sustaining international business operations', Educationaia Confab, vol 2, no. 5, pp. 43-49. Hurn, B 2014, 'The challenges facing international HRM in an increasingly globalised environment', Industrial and commercial training, vol 46, no. 7, pp. 371-378. Peltier, D 2014, Marriott Uses its Own Staff to Recruit Employees in New Campaign, viewed 25 August 2017, https://skift.com/2014/10/24/marriott-uses-its-own-staff-to-recruit-employees-in-new-campaign/. Policies, PSA 2013, Sony Employment and Employee-Management Relations, viewed 25 August 2017, https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/issues/report/2007/qfhh7c00000dltna-att/CSR2007_33_40.pdf. Rees, G Smith, P 2017, Strategic human resource management: An international perspective, Sage, California. Reiche, BS, Mendenhall, ME Stahl, GK 2016, Readings and cases in international human resource management, Taylor Francis, Abingdon. Sony 2017, ORAGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, viewed 25 August 2017, https://sony1020.wordpress.com/oraganizational-structure/. Sony 2017, Recruiting Practices, viewed 25 August 2017, https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/employees/recruitment/index3.html. Sony 2017, Training Activities, viewed 25 August 2017, https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/employees/training/index2.html. Staff, H 2010, HR: Marriott employee training and development program, viewed 25 August 2017, https://www.hotelmanagement.net/human-resources/hr-marriott-employee-training-and-development-program. Story, JS, Barbuto, JE, Luthans, F Bovaird, JA 2014, 'Meeting the challenges of effective international HRM: Analysis of the antecedents of global mindset.', Human Resource Management, vol 53, no. 1, pp. 131-155. Varma, A 2013, Managing human resources in Asia-Pacific , Routledge, Abingdon.

Beauty And The Beast Anorexia Essays - Eating Disorders

Beauty And The Beast: Anorexia Julie Mallon Psychology 310 Beauty and the Beast : Anorexia It seemed to me that the older I got, the more obsessed people seemed about their bodies. Whether it was the diet soda boom of the 80's, or the fact everyone has always been unhappy with his or her natural bodies; it just took me a while to comprehend. It always seemed like there were diets here, diets there; these drugs can do this, or these herbs can do that? Stop the insanity! This paper is going to discuss anorexia nervosa, an alarming disease that is usually developed during puberty of both boys and girls. Like bulimia, in which the subject binges and then disposes of ingested food by purging or use of laxatives, those suffering anorexia nervosa have an obsession with the amount of fat on her body (although one of every ten suffering this disease are male, I will use the female pronoun since they are the majority). This results in the loss of appetite completely and dangerous weight loss. More than thirty years ago one of this century's major sex symbols sang, Happy Birthday, Mr. President, on television. With her size fourteen to sixteen figure, it is doubtful that society's standards would approve Marilyn Monroe today. Back in those days men and women alike ate what tasted good or what the body needed and simply bought clothes that would hide any unwanted weight gain. Today the story is different. Psychologists that study the influence of television on children say that television is the most influential medium in our visually orientated society (Velette, 1988, p.3). With the influence of television and celebrity role models, children don't care that they see a variety of sizes outside of their home, what they care about are the majority of people shown on the television set, perfect. Teenagers have typically watched 15,000 hours of television in their lifetime (Valette, 1988, p.4), absorbing the opinions on the shows or the commercials burning into their retinas. The message transmitted: To be successful, beautiful, popular, and loved you must be thin, you must be thin, you must be THIN. After a lifetime of hearing this message over and over and over again, children may not think there is any reason to be happy with what they are and feel thinness is the ultimate goal to be happy and accepted by others. As a result, some children may skip breakfast, eat a little for lunch, or even adopt some form of diet. This may only last for a week or so, but for others, the obsession of thinness is higher and the price they pay is frightening. This paper is going to discuss the cycles of anorexia nervosa. It will detail the symptoms, behavior, and clinical observations. It will describe the possible causes of anorexia nervosa through childhood growth and puberty, childhood eating and social behavior, and the maturation of children during puberty. Finally, I will discuss the treatment and results of treatment for anorexia nervosa. Before diving into the details of anorexia nervosa, there are a few individual traits that may appear in a person that may have an eating disorder: low self-esteem, feelings of ineffectiveness or perfectionism, issues of control, and fear of maturation. The more physical description is chilling. The anorectic victim does not look thin as society's standards portray, but are in fact a walking skeleton with the absence of subcutaneous fat. Her weight may range from as little as 56-70 pounds or 77-91 pounds. Though clothes are likely to cover most of her figure, her face appears gaunt and her skin is cold and red or blue in color. Do to the lack of fat in her body, her menstrual cycle is likely to have ceased. Despite these conditions, she still sees herself overweight and thus unacceptable. Thinness is idealism and perfection. It is her independent choice that no one else can take away from her. At the beginning of anorexia nervosa the subject will first change her diet, restricting how much she eats and usually cutting out starchy foods. Seventy-percent of a particular study claimed they were simply dieting. The rest used excuses of abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, or

Carbon Family

Carbon Family Carbon Family The Carbon family is made up of five elements; carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. This family is found in, group 14.Carbon the first in the family is the sixth most abundant element in the known Universe. Common carbon compounds include the gasses carbon dioxide and methane.Most carbon is taken from the ground in the form of coal and diamonds. Carbon has a very high melting point at 3500* C and a very high boiling point at 4827* C.Carbon's atomic mass is 12.0107 amu; it has six protons, neutrons and electrons.Carbon is classified as a non-metal.Carbon was known to the ancients, and its discoverer is unknown. Carbon is used for steel and filters. (Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Elements. com-Carbon.) Silicon, meaning "flint", is the second most abundant chemical compound in the Earth's crust. You may know it better as common beach sand. It is found in sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, jasper, and opal.English: Plot of the binding energy per nucleon fo...

Profile of Ford Motor Group - Henry Ford organisation Lab Report

Profile of Ford Motor Group - Henry Ford organisation - Lab Report Example The organisation culture of FMC has also been a heritage for the company, which would be evaluated in the report. Finally the framework of FMC for motivating the employees would be scrutinised so as to understand the human resource management initiatives of the company. FMC has always believed in one theme when it comes to human resource, i.e. ‘One Team, One Plan, and One Goal’ (Ford Motor Company, 2013). It has always tried to deliver solutions which will affect not only the business but the lives of people. It is the motto of the company to support and develop its human resources that design, develop, and sell the best vehicles in the world. Company Overview FMC is one of the most famous automobile manufacturers in the world. The company is headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, USA. It was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford. FMC was the most sold automobile brand across the world before World War II. The large scale car manufacturing concept was introduced by Ford Motors in 1914 (Ford Motors Company, 2011). Ford has been a stable company all throughout its journey, though the company was also a victim of the global financial crisis which engulfed many stable leading companies of America, but Ford managed to save itself from bankruptcy. It recorded an operating profit of $ 8.8 billion in 2011, or $ 1.51 per share earnings. This revenue figure states that there has been an increase of $463 million in 2011 from 2010. The net income amounted to $20,213 in 2011, which is much higher than the net income of 2010, $6,561 million. The company is also into financing of vehicles, insurance and leasing (Bloomberg, 2012). Profile of Henry Ford ‘Entrepreneurs are not born, rather they become through the experiences of their lives’, has been stated by Professor Albert Shapiro of Ohio State University (National Content Standards for Entrepreneurship Education, n. d.). This saying is appropriate for Henry Ford. Henry Ford was born on the 30th of July 1863. He is well-known around the world, of course for FMC, but apart from this, he is also known for developing the system of mass production with the help of assembly line. Henry Ford discovered the creed called Fordism, which preached mass production of inexpensive products by offering high wages to workers (Seligman, n. d.). He had intense commitment towards reducing the cost of production and offering automobiles to Americans, which they can easily afford to buy. It was the vision of no one other than Henry Ford, to offer unprecedented mobility to the people which changed the lives of millions around the world. He is not only remembered for the automobiles that his company produced, but also for improving the standard of living of people through his inventions such as Ford Model T, or Qadricycle, and the assembly line approach (Ford Motor Company, 2012). Henry Ford introduced better automobiles after Qadricycle, and in order to publicise them, he drove his own race cars. The first c ar that FMC sold was in 1903, and it was a Model A car which was sold to a dentist at a price of $850. However, Henry Ford became one of the richest men in the world, mainly because of Model T cars. Even during 1914, he paid $5 per day wage to his workers. Henry Ford had a view that if the

Physiotherapy Treatment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Physiotherapy Treatment Plan - Assignment Example There are moments that deficiencies are experienced in the performance of daily roles, causing problems with mobility, functional ability, and movement potential. As seen in the case, engaging in physical exercise is a common cause of all forms of impairments and disabilities that are recorded against mobility functions (Morillas et al., 2007). Once such impairments and disabilities come about, the work of physical therapists is very much needed in fostering quality of life. Quite importantly, physical therapists do not go about their roles as an event but a process that normally involves other multi-disciplinary team members. The following treatment plan is therefore prepared from a systematic and cross-functional perspective to redeem Mrs. Seddon from her current state of distress. Schoenenberger et al (2011) noted that the clinical features of a patient’s disease are basically the signs and symptoms that are manifested through physical examination and other medical procedures such as laboratory or x-ray workups. With this said, there are a number of clinical features of Mrs. Seddon that can be identified from her case that have direct reference to the etiology and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. The following can be listed as part of the etiology and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease: Any other signs and symptoms are given above and as manifested in the activities and body functioning of Mrs. Seddon makes her prone to the etiology and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. These thus account for her clinical features. There are a number of postoperative problems that may be faced by the patient in the first three days of the postoperative period. Whiles some of these problems are potential problems, others are acute problems. Also importantly, these some of these problems may not be immediate but may develop in the nearest future if the most rapid steps are not taken.

Jean Piagets Theory Essay Example for Free

Jean Piagets Theory Essay Piaget’s theory is based on stages, whereby each stage represents a qualitatively different type of thinking. Children in stage one cannot think the same as children in stage 2, 3 or 4 etc. Transitions from one stage to another are generally very fast, and the stages always follow an invariant sequence. Another important characteristic of his stage theory is that they are universal; the stages will work for everyone in the world regardless of their differences (except their age, of course, which is what the stages are based on!) Piaget acknowledged that there is an interaction between a child and the environment, and this is a focal point for his theory. He believed a child cannot learn unless they are constantly interacting with their environment, making mistakes and then learning from them. He defined children as â€Å"lone scientists†; he did not identify any need for teachers or adults in cognitive development. Children have all the cognitive mechanisms to learn on their own, and the interaction with their environment allows them to do so. To put this in perspective, another theory by Lev Vygotsky suggested that the interaction is not important at all; the child will learn when encouraged to with an adult’s assistance. I will be explaining then contrasting Vygotsky’s theory to Piaget’s in my next post – so be sure to check back for that! With the background of his theory explained, let’s look at – The Key Concepts of Piaget’s theory: Before explaining the main part of Piaget’s theory (the four stages), it’s very important to look at some of the underlying principles behind it. Rather than write a stupidly long paragraph explaining it all, I will write the key terms in bold, then explain them in bullet points – just to keep things simple! †¢Schema (pl. Schemata, although some say â€Å"Schemas† for the plural) Possibly one of the most important concepts put forward by Piaget, Schemata help individuals understand the world they inhabit. They are cognitive structures that represent a certain aspect of the world, and can be seen as categories which have certain pre-conceived ideas in them. For example, my schema for Christmas includes: Christmas trees, presents, giving, money, green, red, gold, winter, Santa Claus etc. Someone else may have an entirely different schema, such as Jesus, birth, Church, holiday, Christianity etc. Of course, there are schemata for all kinds of things – yourself (self schemata), other people (people schemata), events/situations (event schemata) and roles/occupations (role schemata). With regards to Piaget’s theory, a child might have a pre-conceived schema for a dog. If the household has a small West Highland White Terrier as a dog, the schema might be â€Å"small, furry, four legs, white†. When the child interacts with a new dog – perhaps a Labrador, it will change to incorporate the new information, such as â€Å"big, golden, smooth etc.† This is known as: †¢Assimilation Simply the process of incorporating new information into a pre-existing schema. So with the â€Å"dog† example, the child assimilated the Labrador’s information into the old dog schema. Assimilation is essentially fitting new information into schemata we already have in place. Unfortunately, this can lead to stereotyping. For example, if an old lady sees a teenager mug another person, she might assimilate â€Å"violence† or â€Å"crime† into her teenage schema. Next time she sees a teenager, her schema will be applied to them – and although they may be a kind person, she will probably show prejudice. Assimilation is normally a simple process, as new information already fits the pre-exisiting categories. †¢Accommodation When coming across a new object for the first time, a child will attempt to apply an old schema to the object. For consistency, let’s use the dog example again. The child may have â€Å"four legs, furry† in their dog schema. When coming across another similar animal, such as a cat, they might say â€Å"Look, a dog!† – that’s assimilation. However, when told that it’s actually a cat – not a dog – they will accommodate the new information into another schema. They will now form a â€Å"cat† schema; â€Å"not all four legged furry animals are dogs – some are cats too!†. They have accommodated the new information. The process just mentioned – of assimilation then accommodation is known as †¢Adaptation Assimilation and accommodation are the two parts of adaptation – which is simply what it says – adapting our schemata to make an accurate (enough) model of the world we live in. It is a form of learning, but an entirely different form to the kind you’d see in behaviourist psychology for example (such as operant/classical conditioning). †¢Equilibrium Piaget suggested that humans naturally strive to achieve a cognitive balance; there must be a balance between applying prior knowledge (assimilation) and changing schemata to account for new information (accommodation). Piaget suggested that when a child has a schema which doesn’t fit reality, there is tension in the mind. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, this tension is reduced and we can proceed to higher levels of thought and learning (equilibration). QUICK SUMMARY: Children have schemata (cognitive structures that contain pre-existing ideas of the world), which are constantly changing. Schemata constantly undergo adaptation, through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. When seeing new objects there is a state of tension, and a child will attempt to assimilate the information to see if it fits into prior schemata. If this fails, the information must be accommodated by either adding new schemata or modifying the existing ones to accommodate the information. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, an equilibrium is created, reducing cognitive tension (equilibration). Vygotskys theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of making meaning. Unlike Piagets notion that childrens development must necessarily precede their learning, Vygotsky argued, learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function (1978, p. 90). In other words, social learning tends to precede (i.e. come before) development. Vygotsky has developed a socio-cultural approach to cognitive development. He developed his theories at around the same time as Jean Piaget was starting to develop his theories (1920s and 30s), but he died at the age of 38 and so his theories are incomplete although some of his writings are still being translated from Russian. No single principle (such as Piagets equilibration) can account for development. Individual development cannot be understood without reference to the social and cultural context within which it is embedded. Higher mental processes in the individual have their origin in social processes. Vygotskys theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways: 1: Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting/shaping cognitive development this contradicts Piagets view of universal stages and content of development. (Vygotsky does not refer to stages in the way that Piaget does). 2: Vygotsky places considerably more emphasis on social factors contributing to cognitive development (Piaget is criticised for underestimating this). 3: Vygotsky places more (and different) emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development (again Piaget is criticised for lack of emphasis on this). Effects of Culture: Tools of intellectual adaptation Like Piaget, Vygotsky claimed that infants are born with the basic materials/abilities for intellectual development Piaget focuses on motor reflexes and sensory abilities. Vygotsky refers to Elementary Mental Functions – o Attention o Sensation o Perception o Memory Eventually, through interaction within the socio-cultural environment, these are developed into more sophisticated and effective mental processes/strategies which he refers to as Higher Mental Functions. For example, memory in young children this is limited by biological factors. However, culture determines the type of memory strategy we develop. E.g., in our culture we learn note-taking to aid memory, but in pre-literate societies other strategies must be developed, such as tying knots in string to remember, or carrying pebbles, or repetition of the names of ancestors until large numbers can be repeated. Vygotsky refers to tools of intellectual adaptation these allow children to use the basic mental functions more effectively/adaptively, and these are culturally determined (e.g. memory mnemonics, mind maps). Vygotsky therefore sees cognitive functions, even those carried out alone, as affected by the beliefs, values and tools of intellectual adaptation of the culture in which a person develops and therefore socio-culturally determined. The tools of intellectual adaptation therefore vary from culture to culture as in the memory example Social Influences on Cognitive Development Like Piaget, Vygotsky believes that young children are curious and actively involved in their own learning and the discovery and development of new understandings/schema. However, Vygotsky placed more emphasis on social contributions to the process of development, whereas Piaget emphasised self-initiated discovery. According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful tutor. The tutor may model behaviours and/or provide verbal instructions for the child. Vygotsky refers to this as co-operative or collaborative dialogue. The child seeks to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor (often the parent or teacher) then internalizes the information, using it to guide or regulate their own performance. Shaffer (1996) gives the example of a young girl who is given her first jigsaw. Alone, she performs poorly in attempting to solve the puzzle. The father then sits with her and describes or demonstrates some basic strategies, such as finding all the comer/edge pieces and provides a couple of pieces for the child to put together herself and offers encouragement when she does so. As the child becomes more competent, the father allows the child to work more independently. According to Vygotsky, this type of social interaction involving co-operative or collaborative dialogue promotes cognitive development. In order to gain an understanding of Vygotskys theories on cognitive development, one must understand two of the main principles of Vygotskys work: the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). More Knowledgeable Other The more knowledgeable other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. Although the implication is that the MKO is a teacher or an older adult, this is not necessarily the case. Many times, a childs peers or an adults children may be the individuals with more knowledge or experience. For example, who is more likely to know more about the newest teen-age music groups, how to win at the most recent PlayStation game, or how to correctly perform the newest dance craze a child or their parents? In fact, the MKO need not be a person at all. Some companies, to support employees in their learning process, are now using electronic performance support systems. Electronic tutors have also been used in educational settings to facilitate and guide students through the learning process. The key to MKOs is that they must have (or be programmed with) more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does. Zone of Proximal Development The concept of the More Knowledgeable Other is integrally related to the second important principle of Vygotskys work, the Zone of Proximal Development. This is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. For example, the child could not solve the jigsaw puzzle (in the example above) by itself and would have taken a long time to do so (if at all), but was able to solve it following interaction with the father, and has developed competence at this skill that will be applied to future jigsaws. Vygotsky (1978) sees the Zone of Proximal Development as the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given allowing the child to develop skills they will then use on their own developing higher mental functions. Vygotsky also views interaction with peers as an effective way of developing skills and strategies. He suggests that teachers use cooperative learning exercises where less competent children develop with help from more skillful peers within the zone of proximal development.

The Common Good in Hobbes, De Tocqueville and Marx :: Philosophy Politics Papers

The Common Good in Hobbes, De Tocqueville and Marx Political philosophies are those theories and ideas that seek to study the impact of various political idealisms on society, and their impact in the shaping of social, political, and economic ideas. The questions which political philosophy seeks to turn its attention towards range from describing what the state of Man actually is at the existential level, to the types of social regimes, which are necessary to tame and organise that nature. In this context, there is a measure of truth in the suggestion that the answers, or visions they give are not, necessarily, entirely original. Plato, the student of Socrates, was himself keenly interested in political philosophy and set himself the task of conceptually evolving a society which would function properly. Plato's ideal society was comprised of rulers, guardians, and the masses. All these various strands within society are moulded at a young age to play a societal role, in order that they might contribute positively and affirmingly to t he betterment of their own social arena. Within the context of the history of political philosophy, Plato emerges as one of the more gifted political theorists, if not, perhaps, the best. While closely examining the needs of society, he was able to recognise the needs of society as well as the needs of the individual. He humbled the ego of Man when he acknowledged that one individual could not survive on his own and that all people are dependent on others to survive. His idea of an organised community has been the focus of many political philosophy debates and has been the stepping-stone by which many political philosophers have created their own ideal social environment. Though their theories may not be identical to those of Plato, signs of his structures are definitely present. Thomas Hobbes, the seventeenth century political philosopher, had some theories and ideas keenly similar to those of Plato. Hobbe's view of the state of nature was a very primitive one: he felt that in the state of nature there was a war of every person against every person. In the natural state justice was impossible, because without set limits and structures, everyone has the right to do whatever they wish and anarchy is almost inevitable. The only ay to escape the unfortunate state of anarchy was for everyone to agree a covenant. The conditions of the covenant were to give the sovereign full discretion in dealing with citizens.

Filter Innovations Inc Case

2008 > John Dragasevich (president), small water filtration company based out of Toronto, Ontario, considering expansion, increasingly strict regulations on wastewater management implemented by government, invest in new technology (membrane biological reactors)? Industry: > increased demand for water and water treatment, trend expected to continue > market projections reaching $348 billion > demand growing for safe drinking water in developing countries > sustainability challenges and advancements in environmental regulation result in growth of demand for higher water treatment standards > 2008, 1. billion without drinking water, 2. 4 billion not connected to wastewater systems > 40% projected increase in water consumption by 2025, 1/3 of world population affected by water shortage > in Canada, more than $2 billion in sales > largest consumers – municipalities, both products and services > significant portion of market – industrial Competition: > dominated by 2 large mu tli-national companies ( Siemens water tech and Zenon membrane solutions) > competition targeted large users of filtration systems (corporation and municipalities) requiring over 1 million litres/day > Siemens – 2. million in revenue, 6000 employees (150 R&D), serve more than 90% of fortune 500 manufacturing companies, around 100,000 industrial consumers, parent company Siemens AG over 100 billion electronics and engineering company in over 190 countries with 428,000 people, leader in innovation > Zenon – owned by GE, provided a complete range of filtration processes, offered broadest product line in industry, over 100 years of experience, over 300,000 employees in over 100 countries, publically traded with 18 million in revenue > smaller competitors, specialize in niche market, offer sales and support on a specific type of filtration and treatment product Environment: have to meet provincial regulations based on standards set by federal legislation > some environmenta l legislation required wastewater treatment > discharge limits for sewer use, storm sewers, and groundwater seepage; limits vary regionally > wastewater dumped for use of a fertilizer must be treated > stricter legislation raising environmental standards required by companies > many companies require certificate of approval from ministry of environment and energy, validating compliance with all guidelines Filter Innovations Inc: > dragasevich studied marine biology, worked for major supplier of filter presses in NA > extensive experience in industrial process and environmental products, sales manager with GAF (industry leader for filter vessels and bag filters) > 1992, founded Filter Innovations Company: > small industrial water filtration company identifies and supplies treatment solutions for groundwater, wastewater, process water and air > evaluated client`s needs and design appropriate system to meet need, develop and build system, install it, monitor it regularly, offer product support > supplies wide range of environmental products to support filtration systems > goal – prioritize social and environmental responsibilities at all times to ensure that actions positively influence both the community and environment > ongoing R&D development of new technologies for new products and systems; important to be recognized as being at forefront of the leading technology > employs 14 people, sales representatives, technology engineers & technicians, administrative staff > alliance with firms acting as distributors of its products and systems across NA with few sales in Europe and SA > serves 500 clients, FII equipment operational in over 1500 business sites; 80% sales in Canada, 15% sales in US, 5% sales outside of NA > wants to be recognized as primary supplier of environmental equipment and products, offers simple, innovative solutions for air and water treatment; wants to be one-stop shop for all filtration needs, offering timely and cost-effective soluti ons Calco Group: > 2006, FII purchased by CEG (identifies and acquires environmental companies that were leading suppliers of its specific products) > membership with Calco allowed companies to share resources, networks, and knowledge > MLE (groundwater remediation) offers similar products as FII; MLE benefit from sales expertise; FII able to capitalize on MLE strong manufacturing focus Operations: high focus on sales/technical knowledge; high customer-centric outlook; flexibility in meeting needs of customer key to success; unique/comprehensive business structure (engineering, manufacturing, and distributing of various filtration products and systems > commodity products in inventory for quick sale (filter media, off-the-shelf filtration units), other products ordered from suppliers as needed (keep inventory investments and storage costs low) > advantageous membership with CEG and strong supplier networks > customized systems – engage in collaborative design efforts with cli ents and engineers; once designed, system built by manufacturing alliances then installed and supported by FII > offers rental and leasing option; three types interested in this – those who want to test a system before purchase, those who need it for a specific time period only, and those who want to finance system through regular instalment payments Sales: > about 65% of revenues from sale of individual products; customized products represent 35% of sales Consumers: 2 reason for demand – companies pollute above regulated level obligated to avoid environmental penalties; companies recognize opportunity to save money by cleaning/recycling wastewater by reducing disposal costs; demand ranges from short-term, quick-fix to long-term consultation/installation (ongoing monitoring and support) > tend to focus on projects requiring less that 1 million litres/day; able to provide personalized support; larger companies don’t find these projects profitable, less competitio n > customers in 2 equal groups – environmental consulting companies/distributors on behalf of their clients; end users (buy direct from FII) Environmental consultants: > analyse clients’ wastewater treatment needs, recommend solution and help implement it; after assessing need, issue request for RFP from each vendor, use industry expertise to recommend best option for client End user: > no internal capability, FII identify needs, build custom solution to fix problem (incorporating restrictions); if commodity products much more price sensitive choose vendor with lowest price, for custom products price less of a concern and willing to pay; learn through tradeshows, advertising, word-of-mouth, and industry reputation MBR: new, stricter government regulations meant that company’s existing wastewater treatment designs did not meet new guidelines; faced with decision of whether to expand into MBR market > MBR – new technology for wastewater treatment, allow fo r water re-use; different application than FII > MBR designed to treat biological wastewater, predict that MBR system will be used to add reverse osmosis to make water safe for portable water consumption > Europe leading in development > currently best environmental option; FII would benefit from MBR sales and advanced knowhow/expertise with respect to manufacturing, engineering, building, and supporting new systems Potential Customer base: MBR system would be important factor for FII’s profitability; treating wastewater under 10,000 litres/day means government approval to pass building code > testing costs (one time) $200,000; over that volume company only needs certificate of approval available at no cost as customer would pay fee based on percentage of system cost > FII fearful of competition, FII need to target and seek out contracts that would be profitable but not attractive to large competitors MBR competition: > Sanitherm (subsidiary of Peak energy services based in w estern Canada and direct competition with FII, provides turnkey solutions, built, installed and operate various products/systems, hold 3% of MBR market, sold water and wastewater treatment systems globally) > Enviroquip (division of Eimco Water Technologies, hold 30% of MBR market share in NA, operates in Texas, specializes in design and manufacturing, offers full range of equipment for water pollution control, advanced waste treatment, water treatment and sludge handling) Potential Expansion: reputation with MBR will take a while to build, expect sales to be minimal to start but will grow; sales could reach a high of $500,000 (before installation) in 1st year, reaching several million in following years > additional revenues (half of each system) for installation paid at beginning with allowance of 90 days COGS > MBR cost average of 35% f system sale (20% for membrane and 80% for fabrication) > membrane purchase from supplier (SGR AQUIRIS in Europe), minimum start-up membrane inven tory of $25,000 on hand and had to pay cash upon receipt > fabrication components bought from member of Calco, extended credit terms and alwys paid in 60 day, transportation paid for by FII and cost 5% of COGS Other Expenses: need to hire technology expert ($48,000), and support person ($38,000) > dragsevich and other managers have to co-ordinate with suppliers and customers to monitor new business in terms of R&D; 20% of time spent on MBRs ($30,000) > more space needed for inventory and personnel, operates in facility that allows for lease of additional adjacent units for expansion; $2,250/month/unit; utility $180/month > important to brand itself properly to gain recognition as reliable supplier of MBR business; planned an additional $6,400 annually MBR marketing > need to purchase software modelling program for $18,000, beneficial for 3 years and amortized using straight-line with zero salvage value > paid for advertising, attends tradeshows, provided articles; 25% of costs would directly relate to new MBR business; plan to subscribe to various publications, advertise and attend tradeshows that specialize in MBR; if sales reached 1 million would need to hire s MBR sales manager ($70,000) Conclusion: is it right time to get into MBR? Wise investment? Sales projection may be overly optimistic and it could vary highly depending on ability to brand itself

Models For Diffusion Of Innovations Among Potential Adopters

Models for diffusion of innovations among potential adopters have been recently used to study the life cycle of new products and to forecast first-purchase sales. Those models are useful for managers as decision aids to create and perform strategies to maintain the profitability of new products across their life cycle. Bass (1969) pioneered this area of research with a model for diffusions of new products under peer pressure via word-of-mouth. This model distinguished two parameters: innovation and imitation. Later, Chatterjee and Eliashberg (1990) provided a microeconomic version of Bass’s model that included interactions among potential adopters and the formation of beliefs. In Chatterjee and Eliashberg’s model, potential adopters were risk averse and used the price and their perceptions about the innovation’s performance as inputs for utility functions. Thus, with Bayesian methods, potential adopters updated parameters with information from past adopters. Our model also focuses on informational influence on adoption of new products. However, we modified Chatterjee and Eliashberg’s model of beliefs formation and individual choice by taking into account the possibility that influences take place only among consumers who are connected in a social network. The objective of this article is twofold. First, we seek to determine how global parameters of the social network, such as average path length and clustering, affect diffusion processes. Second, we attempt to identify earlyShow MoreRelated Rogers Diffusion and Adoption Research Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesRogers Diffusion and Adoption Research Why do technology initiatives fail despite their promises and boundless possibilities? From integrating technology in education to introducing technological innovation in agriculture, users acceptance presents a complex set of challenges to innovation diffusion. 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